ANNIVERSARY AND BIRTHDAY

Qual é a diferença entre Anniversary e Birthday?

An Anniversary is a date when people remember and celebrate what happened on the same date in a previous year, such as: a wedding, an important political  event, the founding of organizations.

Anniversary é uma data em que as pessoas celebram o que aconteceu na mesma data do ano anterior, tais como: um casamento, um importante evento político, a fundação de organizações, etc..

Examples:

Tomorrow is the seventeenth anniversary of the revolution.
(Amanhã é o décimo sétimo aniversário da revolução.)

We went to Paris to celebrate our wedding anniversary.
(Fomos para Paris para celebrar o nosso aniversário de casamento.)

You do NOT use anniversary to talk about the date when you were born. 
If you were born on January 1st, your birthday is on January 1st every year.

Você não usa anniversary para falar sobre a data em que você nasceu.

Se você nasceu em 1º de janeiro, seu birthday é no dia 1 de Janeiro de cada ano.

Example:
I always give her a gift on her birthday.                                                             
(Eu sempre dou a ela um presente de aniversário.)

DESPISING OR DISREGARDING and EXPRESSING SURPRISE– IDIOMS

DESPISING OR DISREGARDING
MENOSPREZANDO OU DESCONSIDERANDO

LOCUÇÕES IDIOMÁTICAS COTIDIANAS

1) Sei lá. / Não faço ideia.
     I have no idea. / I got no idea. / How should I know?

2) E eu com isso? Não ligo para isso, não estou nem aí! / Não dou a mínima. (indiferença, desprezo)
    I don't care. / I don't give a damn. / What's that to me?

3) E daí? ... (em tom de desafio)
    And so what? / Who cares? 

4) Não importa.  
    It doesn't matter. / No problem.

5) Eu não me importo. (não me ofendo) 
    I don't mind.

6) Deixa pra lá; não liga para isso; esquece.
     Never mind. / Forget it.

7) Grande coisa! 
     Big deal!

EXPRESSING SURPRISE

EXPRESSANDO SURPRESA 

1) Adivinha! 
    Guess what! 

2) É mesmo!? 
    Oh, really?! / Is that right?

3) Não me diga! ... 
    You don't say! / Don't tell me!

4) Não acredito! ... 
    I can't believe it! 

5) Não acredito no que vejo! 
     I can't believe  my eyes!

6) Não acredito no que estou ouvindo! 
     I can't believe my ears!

7) Tá brincando! ... 
     No kidding! / You must be joking!

8) Fiquei de boca aberta. / Fiquei de queixo caído. 
    I was shocked. / I was taken aback. / I was left speechless. / My chin dropped.

9) Levei um susto. 
    I got scared.

10) Foi uma grande surpresa. 
      It came as a complete surprise. 

11) Você está falando sério? 
      Are you serious? / Do you mean it?

12) Pra que!? 
      What for!?

13) Puxa! / Meu Deus! / Minha nossa! 
      Oh my God! / Jesus Christ! / My goodness! / Holy cow!

Although - Though - Even though - In spite of - Despite

Conjunções em Inglês -  Conjunctions

Conjunção significa ligação, união, junção. Conjunção é uma palavra invariável que tem por função ligar orações ou termos de mesmo valor gramatical.

Normalmente as conjunções em inglês seguem a mesma estrutura da nossa língua. Porém algumas causam confusão por expressarem a mesma ideia, mas terem estruturas diferentes. São elas:

Although - Though - Even though - In spite of - Despite

Todas expressam contraste, porém com estruturas diferentes:

1) Depois de Although usamos: Sujeito + Verbo

Exemplos:

Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.

I didn't get the job, although I had all the necessary qualifications.

2) Depois de In spite of or despite usamos substantivo, pronome ou verb+ing:

Exemplos:

In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our vacation.

I didn't get the job, despite my qualifications.

She wasn't well, in spite of this she went to work.

Despite what I said last night, I still love you.

I'm not tired, in spite of working hard all day.

Observe: 

Falamos  'In Spite Of' mas 'Despite' (sem of).

Podemos também dizer: in spite of the fact that  ou  despite the fact that.

Exemplos:

In spite of the fact that I was tired, I couldn't sleep.

She seems healthy, despite the fact that she smokes 20 cigarettes a day.

Compare: although , in spite of e despite:

Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.

In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time.

I couldn't sleep, although I was tired.

I couldn't sleep, despite being tired.

3) Podemos usar  though no lugar de although:

Exemplos:

I didn't get the job, though I had all the necessary qualifications.

Na língua falada frequentemente usamos though no final da frase.

I see him every day. I've never spoken to him though. (= but I've never spoken to him)

4) Even though é uma forma mais forte de although

Exemplo:

Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep.

Para mais informações, acesse:

Conectivos

Conectivos de Contraste em Inglês: Exemplos e Exercícios

Conjunções em Inglês: O Que São, Tipos e Exercícios Práticos

Pronúncia Britânica - Leia e Ouça - A Serious Case

A Serious Case

Para ouvir clique no título da história. 

 

A Serious Case

I have a friend who is afraid of spiders. This isn’t very unusual; a lot of people are afraid of spiders. I don’t really like spiders much myself. I don’t mind them if you see them outside, in the garden, as long as they’re not too big. But if one comes in the house, especially if it’s one of those really big spiders with furry legs and little red eyes, then I go “yeeucch” and I try to get rid of it. Usually I’ll use a brush to get rid of the spider, but if I feel brave then I’ll put a glass over the top of it, slide a piece of paper under the glass and then take it outside.

This is quite normal, I think. But my friend isn’t afraid of spiders in any normal way. She isn’t just afraid of spiders, she is totally, completely and utterly terrified of them. When my friend sees a spider she doesn’t just go “uurgghh!” or run away, or ask someone else to get rid of the horrible creepy crawly. No: she screams as loud as she possibly can. She screams so loud that her neighbours worry about her, and think about calling the police. When she sees a spider, she shivers all over, and sometimes she freezes completely – she can’t move at all because she is so terrified. Sometimes she even faints.

But my friend had a surprise for me when we met for coffee last week.
“Guess what?” she asked me.
“What?” I said.
“I’ve got a new pet!”
“Great,” I said. “What is it? A dog? A cat?”
“No”
“A budgie?”
“No”
“A rabbit?”
“No”
“What then?”
“I’ve got a pet spider.”
“I don’t believe you!”
“It’s true! I decided that it was time I did something about my phobia so I went to visit a doctor, a special doctor. A psychiatrist. This psychiatrist specialised in phobias – helping people who had irrational fears to get better, and live normally. He told me I suffered from ‘arachnophobia’.”

“It’s an irrational fear of spiders,” he said. “About one in fifty people suffer from a severe form of arachnophobia. It’s not very uncommon.”
“Thanks” said my friend. “But that doesn’t help me much...”
“There are lots of different ways we can try to cure your phobia,” said the psychiatrist. “First, there is traditional analysis.”
“What does that mean?” asked my friend.
“This means lots of talking. We try to find out exactly why you have such a terrible fear of spiders. Perhaps it’s linked to something that happened to you when you were a child.”
“Oh dear,” said my friend. “That sounds quite worrying.”
“It can take a long time,” said the psychiatrist. “Years, sometimes, and you can never be certain that it will be successful.”
“Are there any other methods?”
“Yes – some psychiatrists use hypnosis along with traditional analysis.” My friend didn’t like the idea of being hypnotised. “I’m worried about what things will come out of my subconscious mind!” she said.
“Are there any other methods?” asked my friend,
“Well”, said the psychiatrist, “There is what we call the ‘behavioural’ approach.”
“What’s the behavioural approach?” asked my friend.
“Well,” said the psychiatrist, “It’s like this...”

The psychiatrist got out a small spider from his desk. It wasn’t a real spider. It was made of plastic. Even though it was only a plastic spider, my friend screamed when she saw it.

“Don’t worry,” said the psychiatrist. “It’s not a real spider.”
“I know,” said my friend. “But I’m afraid of it just the same.”
“Hmmmm,” said the psychiatrist. “A serious case...” He put the rubber spider on the desk. When my friend stopped screaming, the psychiatrist told her to touch it. When she stopped screaming again – the idea of touching the plastic spider was enough to make her scream – she touched it. At first she touched it for just one second. She shivered all over, but at least she managed to touch it.

“Ok,” said the psychiatrist. “That’s all for today. Thanks. You can go home now.”
“That’s it?” asked my friend.
“Yes.”
“That’s all?”
“Yes, for today. This is the behavioural approach. Come back tomorrow.”

My friend went back the next day, and this time the plastic spider was already on the doctor’s desk. This time she touched it and held it for five minutes. Then the doctor told her to go home and come back the next day. The next day she went back and the plastic spider was on her chair. She had to move the spider so she could sit down. The next day she held the spider in her hand while she sat in her chair. The next day, the doctor gave her the plastic spider and told her to take it home with her.

“Where do spiders appear in your house?” asked the psychiatrist.
“In the bath, usually,” said my friend.
“Put the spider in the bath,” he told her.

My friend was terrified of the spider in the bath, but she managed not to scream when she saw it there.
“It’s only a plastic spider,” she told herself.

The next day the psychiatrist told her to put the spider in her living room. My friend put it on top of the television. At first she thought the spider was watching her, and she felt afraid. Then she told herself that it was only a plastic spider.

The next day the psychiatrist told her to put the spider in her bed.
“No way!” she said. “Absolutely not!”
“Why not?” asked the psychiatrist.
“It’s a spider!” replied my friend.
“No it’s not,” said the psychiatrist, “It’s a plastic spider. It’s not a real one.” My friend realised that her doctor was right. She put the plastic spider in her bed, and she slept there all night with it in her bed. She only felt a little bit afraid.

The next day, she went back to the psychiatrist. This time, she had a shock, a big shock. Sitting in the middle of the doctor’s desk there was a spider. And this time it was a real spider.

My friend was about to scream and run away, but she didn’t. She sat on the other side of the room, as far away as possible form the spider, for about five minutes, then she got up and left the room.
“See you tomorrow!” shouted the psychiatrist to her as she left.

The next day she went back and this time the psychiatrist let the spider run around on his desk. Again, my friend stayed about five minutes, then left. The next day she stayed for ten minutes, and the day after that, fifteen. Eventually, the psychiatrist held the spider, the real spider with long furry legs and little eyes, in his hand. He asked my friend to come and touch it. At first she refused, but the doctor insisted. Eventually she touched the spider, just for a second. The next day she touched it for a few seconds, then for a few minutes, and after that she held the spider in her own hand.

Then she took the spider home, and let it run around in her house. She didn’t feel afraid. Well, ok, she did feel afraid, but only a tiny bit.
“So now I’ve got a pet spider!” she told me again.
“Well done!” I said.
“There’s only one problem,” she said, and as she spoke I noticed that she was shivering all over. Then she screamed and climbed up on the chair. She was pointing to something on the floor.
“Over there!” she screamed. “Look! It’s a beetle...!!”

DECLINING, REGRETTING AND APOLOGIZING

DECLINING, REGRETTING AND APOLOGIZING
LAMENTANDO, ARREPENDENDO-SE  E DESCULPANDO-SE

Expressões Idiomáticas

1) Que tal numa outra ocasião.   

    (Maybe some other time.) 

2) Que pena que você não me contou isto antes. / É uma pena! / É lamentável!         (Too bad you didn't tell me this before. / What a pity! / What a shame!)

3) É tarde demais.  
    (It's too late.) 

4) Foi tudo em vão.  
    (It was all for nothing.)

5) Desculpa pelo atraso.   
    (Sorry for being late. / Sorry I'm late. / Sorry to be late.) 

6) Não faz mal.    
    (That's all right. / No problem.) 

7) Não é minha culpa, eu fiz o melhor que pude (possível). 
    (It's not my fault, I did my best. / I did the best I could.) 

8) Não tive a intenção de te magoar.    
    (I didn't mean to hurt you.) 

9) Foi sem querer.  
    (I didn't mean to do it. / It wasn't on purpose. / It was unintentional.)

10) A culpa foi minha.   
      (It was my fault.) 

11) Você deve desculpar-se.   
      (You should apologize.) 

12) Não me arrependo. / Não estou arrependido. 
      (I don't regret it. / I'm not sorry.)

13) Eu estava só brincando. 
      (I was just kidding. / I was joking.) 

USO de GÍRIAS e IMPERATIVO

GÍRIAS e IMPERATIVO

Imperativo é um assunto simples. Para que ele serve?

Para dar ordem, comando, conselho.

Em inglês formamos o imperativo somente citando o verbo da ação a ser executada. 

Na forma negativa acrescentamos "Don't" antes do verbo. 

Se a situação pedir use expressões educadas quando não quiser parecer rude ou grosseiro, 

ou que está bravo. 

Expressões como:

please, would you please 

Examples:

Forma Afirmativa:
Please, close the door. 

(Por favor, feche a porta.) 

Forma Negativa:
Don´t close the door, please. 

(Não feche a porta, por favor.)

Uso de gírias e imperativo

- Go and jump in the lake. 

 (Vai ver se eu tô na esquina!)

- Go on, scram! 

 (Vai, some daqui!)

- Get out of my face! 

 (Sai da minha frente!)

- Move your ass, or we´ll be late. 

 (Se mexe, se não vamos nos atrasar!)

- Get off your ass! 

 (Mexa -se!)

- Cover your ass! 

 (Se proteja de críticas!)

- Glam yourself up for the party tonight. 

 (Arrasa no modelito pra festa de hoje à noite.)

- Oh, lighten up! It´s not that bad. 

 (Oh, desencana, relaxa! Não é assim tão ruim.)

-"Mind your own business. 

("Cuida da sua vida.")

- Don´t make a pass at Mary, she´s married! 

 (Não cante ( azare, paquere ) a Mary, ela é casada!)

- Get real! 

 (Cai na real!)

- Don’t push your luck! 

 (Não abusa, não!)


Para mais informações sobre o uso do imperativo acesse o link:

IMPERATIVE

PRONUNCIATION - Regular Verbs (ED)

Os verbos regulares no passado (aqueles terminados em ED) seguem regras de pronúncia.

1) Verbos terminados em T ou TE e D ou DE pronunciamos o ED como “ID” 

Example: Need - needed = need(id)

 
Ed = “ID” 

accept - accepted                         invent - invented

afford - afforded                            land - landed

attend - attended                         need - needed

arrest - arrested                           plant - planted

collect - collected                         print - printed 

contact - contacted                      present - presented 

count - counted                            pretend - pretended

decide - decided                          protect - protected

defend - defended                       provide - provided 

demand - demanded                   rent - rented

divide - divided                            repeat - repeated

end - ended                                 report - reported

expand - expanded                      respect - respected

expect - expected                        rest - rested

export - exported                          scold - scolded

flood - flooded                              skate - skated

graduate - graduated                   start - started

hate - hated                                 shout - shouted

hunt - hunted                                treat - treated

include -included                          visit - visited

invite - invited                               wait - waited

2) Verbos terminados em som de : p – k –  s – ch – sh – f – x – h pronunciamos o ED como “T”

Example: Ask - asked = ask(T)

Ed = “T” 

ask - asked                               lock - locked

bake - baked                             look - looked

brush - brushed                         mix - mixed

cook - cooked                            pack - packed

crack - cracked                          pass - passed

crash - crashed                          pick - picked

dance - danced                          press - pressed

dress - dressed                          push - pushed

 

drop - dropped                           pronounce - pronounced

escape - escaped                      relax - relaxed

 

finish - finished                          slip - slipped

 

fix - fixed                                    smoke - smoked

guess - guessed                        stop - stopped

 

help - helped                              shop - shopped

 

hope - hoped                              talk - talked

 

hike - hiked                                 type - typed

joke - joked                                 walk - walked

 

jump - jumped                             wash - washed

knock - knocked                          watch - watched

 

kiss - kissed                                 work - worked

 

laugh - laughed 

 

3) Verbos terminados em som de : l – v – n – m – r – b – v – g – w – y – z e som de vogal pronunciamos o ED como “D”

Example: Allow -  allowed = allow(D)

Ed = “D” 

advise - advised                           kill - killed

 

agree - agreed                             listen - listened 

 

allow - allowed                             live - lived 

answer - answered                      love - loved

 

appear - appeared                       measure - measured 

 

arrive - arrived                              move - moved

believe - believed                         open - opened

belong - belonged                         plan - planned 

 

burn - burned                                play - played

call - called                                    perform - performed

carry - carried                                pull - pulled 

change - changed                         realize -realized

clean - cleaned                             remember - remembered

close - closed                                rain - rained

cover - covered                             repair - repaired 

cry - cried                                      save - saved

damage - damaged                       share - shared

describe - described                      shave - shaved

die - died                                        show - showed

dry - dried                                       sign - signed

earn - earned                                  slam - slammed

encourage - encouraged                 stay - stayed

enjoy - enjoyed                                snow - snowed

enter - entered                                 study - studied

explain - explained                           try - tried

explore - explored                            travel - traveled

fill - filled                                           turn - turned

follow - followed                                use - used 

happen - happened                          welcome - welcomed 

interview - interviewed                      whisper - whispered

imagine - imagined                            worry - worried

jail - jailed                                          yawn - yawned