Present Perfect Simple + Exercícios e Gabarito

Como Usar o Present Perfect Simple

O Present Perfect Simple é formado com:

Have ou Has + particípio passado do verbo principal

O particípio passado dos verbos regulares tem a mesma forma que o passado, ou seja, terminam em -ed e o dos verbos irregulares tem forma própria.

Exemplo do verbo to Go (ir)

Forma Afirmativa:

I	have	gone
You	have	gone
He	has	gone
She	has	gone
It	has	gone
We	have	gone
You	have	gone
They	have	gone

Forma Contraída:

have = 've

has = 's

Forma Negativa:

I	haven't	gone
You	haven't	gone
He	hasn't	gone
She	hasn't	gone
It	hasn't	gone
We	haven't	gone
You	haven't	gone
They	haven't	gone

Forma Contraída:

Have + Not = haven't

Has + Not = hasn't

Forma Interrogativa:

Have	I	gone?
Have	You	gone?
Has	He	gone?
Has	She	gone?
Has	It	gone?
Have	We	gone?
Have	You	gone?
Have	They	gone?

Exemplos:

They' ve gone to London many times.

(Eles foram a Londres muitas vezes.)

They haven't gone to London yet.

(Eles não foram a Londres ainda.)

Have they ever gone to London?

(Eles já foram a Londres alguma vez?)

USOS:

1) Refere-se a ações que ocorreram num tempo indefinido no passado, mas sempre considerando dois momentos: o passado e o presente. 

A ação ocorre no passado, mas tem um resultado ou uma importância no momento presente.

Exemplos:
Someone has broken the window. 

(Alguém quebrou a janela.)
Eu não sei quando a janela foi quebrada, mas posso ver o resultado da ação: a janela está quebrada agora.

Someone has left the door open. 

(Alguém deixou a porta aberta.)
Eu não sei quando a ação foi feita, mas vejo o seu resultado: a porta está aberta agora.

2) Expressar ações que começaram no passado e se prolongam até o presente. 

Nestes casos, é muito comum usar since e for:

Exemplos:

I have been here since 8 o'clock a.m.
(Estou aqui desde às oito da manhã.)

They have lived here since 2008.
(Eles moram aqui desde 2008.)

We have lived here for 10 years.
(Moramos aqui há dez anos.)

She has worked here for 3 years.
(Ela trabalha aqui há três anos.)

OBSERVE:

I have lived here for ten years.
( Eu moro aqui há 10 anos e continuo morando aqui.) 

I lived here for 10 years.
(Eu morei aqui por 10 anos e não moro mais.)

3) O Present Perfect é normalmente usado com os seguintes advérbios:

already = já

always = sempre

ever = já, alguma vez

frequently = frequentemente

just = há pouco, agora mesmo

lately = ultimamente

never = nunca

often = normalmente

recently = recentemente

yet  = já, ainda

4) Como usar Ever e Never:

a) Ever (já, alguma vez) - é usado para saber se a ação já aconteceu alguma vez. 

Geralmente é usado em perguntas:

Exemplos:
Have you ever traveled abroad?
(Você já viajou para o exterior?)

Has she ever been in Salvador?
(Ela já esteve em Salvador alguma vez?)

Observe que:

Ever também é usado com o superlativo para indicar que algo é o maior, o melhor, o pior, o mais interessante que alguém já viu, leu, fez, trabalhou, etc.:

Exemplo:
He is the tallest man I have ever seen.
(Ele é o homem mais alto que eu já vi.)

b) Never (nunca) - é usado para indicar que algo nunca aconteceu, mas que pode acontecer algum dia.

Exemplos:
He has never forgotten you.
(Ele nunca esqueceu você.)

They have never been here.
(Eles nunca estiveram aqui.)

I have never seen this movie.
(Eu nunca vi este filme.)

5) Como usar Lately e Recently:

a) Lately e recently  são posicionados no final da oração:

Exemplos:
Has she visited her parents lately? 

(Ela tem visitado os pais dela ultimamente?)

We haven't gone to the theater lately.
(Não temos ido ao teatro ultimamente.)

Have you come here recently?
(Vocês vieram aqui recentemente?)

She has traveled recently.
(Ela viajou recentemente.)

6) Acesse aqui para saber como usar Just, Already e Yet. 

Exercícios: Present Perfect Simple

1) Escolha a opção correta: Have ou Has.

a) I  have has  broken the window.

b) She  have has  bought a new umbrella.

c) They  have has  told me about it.

d) You  have has  eaten my apple.

e) It  have has  rained a lot.

f) We  have has  painted the office.

g) He  have has  started a new job.

h) She  have has  gone away.

i) I  have has  lost the money.

j) They  have has  written the essay.

2) Complete usando os verbos regulares em parênteses no Present Perfect Simple:

a) She   the window. (open)

b) They   us. (call)

c) It    a lot. (rain)

d) I   the car. (wash)

e) He    the window. (close)

f) You    the door. (lock)

g) We  the museum. (visit)

3) Complete usando os verbos irregulares em parênteses no Present Perfect Simple:

a) They  the keys. (lose)

b) I    their names. (forget)

c) He   a new car. (buy)

d) You   a new job. (find)

e) She    herself. (cut)

f) We   the old car. (see)

g) It  the water. (drink)

4) Escreva na forma Negativa usando a forma contraída:

a) I  you for a while. (not - see)

b) He  soccer for some years. (not - play)

c) She   the book. (not - read) 

d) They  so far. (not - meet)

5) Escreva na forma Interrogativa:

a)   they   me? (ask) 

b)    she   here all the time? (be)

c)    you    it?  (do)

d)    he ever   it?  (see) 

Veja também:

Present Perfect Continuous + Exercícios

Respostas

1)

a) have 

b) has

c) have  

d) have  

e) has  

f) have   

g) has 

h) has 

i) have  

j) have 

2)

a) has opened 

b) have called

c) has rained  

d) have washed 

e) has closed 

f) have locked   

g) have visited 

3)

a) have lost 

b) have forgotten 

c) has bought 

d) have found  

e) has cut 

f) have seen

g) has drunk 

4)

a) haven't seen  

b) hasn't played 

c) hasn't read 

d) haven't met 

5)

a) Have they asked 

b) Has she been 

c) Have you done 

d) Has he ever seen  

Simple Past and Past Continuous + Exercícios e Gabarito

Diferença entre o Simple Past e o Past Continuous

Simple Past

Usado para ações que aconteceram e acabaram em um tempo determinado no passado.

Exemplo:

She stayed home yesterday.

(Ela ficou em casa ontem.)

Past Continuous

Usado para ações que estavam acontecendo em um determinado momento do passado.

Exemplo:

I was studying at 8 p.m. last night.

(Eu estava estudando às 8 horas ontem à noite.)

Simple Past + Past Continuous

Quando usamos esses dois tempos verbais juntos, ele nos mostra que a ação do Simple Past aconteceu enquanto a ação do Past Continuous estava em andamento.

Exemplo:

While I was studying, Mary arrived.

(Enquanto eu estava estudando, Mary chegou.)

Geralmente usamos esses dois tempos verbais juntos para mostrar uma ação interrompendo outra ação.

Exemplo:

She was skiing when she broke her leg.

(Ela estava esquiando quando quebrou a perna)

Compare as três frases:

1) Simple Past + Past Continuous

When Bob arrived, Mary was cooking dinner.

(Quando o Bob chegou, Mary estava preparando o jantar.)

2) Simple Past + Simple Past

When Bob arrived, Mary cooked dinner.

(Quando o Bob chegou, Mary preparou o jantar.)

3) Past Continuous + Past Continuous

Mary was cooking dinner while Bob was taking a shower.

(Mary estava preparando o jantar enquanto Bob estava tomando banho.) 

Na primeira frase, Mary começou a preparar o jantar antes do Bob chegar. Sabemos disso por causa do uso do Past Continuous. 

Na segunda frase, primeiro o Bob chegou e só então Mary começou a preparar o jantar.

Na terceira frase, a duas ações ocorreram ao mesmo tempo.

Resumindo:

Simple Past	Past Continuous
Use com a ação que interrompe.	Use com a ação em andamento.
She called me	while I was studying.

Exercícios: Simple Past and Past Continuous

1) Escreva os verbos em parênteses na forma correta: Simple Past ou Past Continuous.

a) When I _________ back home, she _________.  (come) (sleep)

b) While he _________, she _________. (read) (arrive)

c) They _________ when someone _________   at the door. (talk) (knock) 

d) I _________on the phone when she _________. (talk) (arrive)

e) We _________ dinner when the lights _________ out. (have) (go)

f) I _________ Bob when I _________ to work. (meet) (go)

g) I _________ when the fire alarm _________. (dance) (start)

h) While I _________   an e-mail, the doorbell _________. (write) (ring)

i) The sun _________ when it _________ to rain. (shine) (start)

j)  He _________ me while I _________ lunch. (call) (eat)

Para saber mais sobre estes dois tempos verbais acesse:
Simple Past - Forma Afirmativa
Simple Past - Forma Negativa
Simple Past - Forma Interrogativa
Simple Past - Verbos Irregulares
Past Continuous

Respostas Past and Past Continuous 

a) came - was sleeping 

b) was reading - arrived 

c) were talking - knocked 

d) was talking - arrived 

e) were having - went 

f) met - was going 

g) was dancing - started

h) was writing - rang 

i) was shining - started 

j) called - was eating 

How Long + Exercícios e Gabarito

Exercícios sobre How Long

Assista ao vídeo abaixo para revisar o uso de how long.

I) Complete com a opção correta: 

1) Mary is in hospital. 

She    in hospital since Monday.

(a) is
(b) was
(c) has been

2) I know Anna. 

I    her for a long time.

(a) have known
(b) know
(c) knew

3) Sue and Bob are married. 

They    since 2004.

(a) was married

(b) have been married

(c) have married

4) Ben is sick.

 He    sick for the last few days

(a) has been 

(b) was

(c) is 

5) We live in London. 

We    there for ten years.

(a) lived

(b) live

(c) have lived

6) Karen works in a bank. 

She    in a bank for five years.

(a) works

(b) is working

(c) has been working

7) Tony had a headache. 

He    a headache since he got up this morning.

(a) has had

(b) had

(c) is having

8) I’m learning English. 

I   English for six months.

(a) was learning

(b) have learned

(c) have been learning

9) Tom is in Spain at the moment. 

He    there for the last three days.

(a) have been
(b) has been
(c) was

10) They    on holiday since Sunday.

(a) are

(b) have been

(c) are being

11) She    a bus for ten minutes.

(a) is waiting 

(b) has waited

(c) has been waiting

12) He    a beard since he was 20.

(a) has had

(b) is having
(c) has

II) How Long? 
Complete as perguntas com a opção correta:

1)  - Cindy is on holiday.

 - How long    on holiday?

(a) was she being

(b) has she been

(c) is she

2) - Michael and Ben are in Brazil.

- How long    in Brazil?

(a) have they been

(b) were they being

(c) are they being

3) -  I know Mary.

 - How long  Mary?

(a) do you know

(b) have you known

(c) are you knowing

4) - Teresa is learning Italian.

 - How long  Italian?

(a) does she learn

(b) has she been learning

(c) has she learned

5) -  My brother lives in Australia.

 - How long    in Australia?

(a) does he live

(b) did he live

(c) has he been living

6) - I’m a teacher.

 - How long   a teacher?

(a) have you been

(b) are you 

(c) I am

7) - It is raining.

 - How long  ?

(a) has it been raining

(b) is it raining

(c) has it rained

8) - How long    in this house?

 - About ten years.
(a) do you live
(b) are you living
(c) have you lived

9) - Sorry, I’m late. How long  ?

 - Not long. Only five minutes.

(a) do you wait

(b) are you waiting
(c) have you been waiting

Para estudar o Present Perfect acesse:

Present Perfect Simple

Simple Past  x Present Perfect Simple

RESPOSTAS

I) Complete com a opção correta: 
1) (c) has been
2) (a) have known
3) (b) have been married
3) (b) have been married
4) (a) has been 
5) (c) have lived
6) (c) has been working
7) (a) has had
8) (c) have been learning
9) (a) have been
10) (b) have been
11) (c) has been waiting
12) (a) has had

II) Complete as perguntas com a opção correta:
1) (b) has she been
2) (a) have they been
3) (b) have you known
4) (b) has she been learning
5) (c) has he been living
6) (a) have you been
7) (a) has it been raining
8) (c) have you lived
9) (c) have you been waiting