O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo. Pode aparecer na frase com ou sem o “to”.
O infinitivo com “to” é de uso mais amplo aparecendo após a grande maioria do verbos, adjetivos, advérbios, nomes, pronomes.
O gerúndio é o verbo com a terminação –ing.
Após alguns verbos podemos usar apenas o INFINITIVE ou apenas o GERUND.
Alguns verbos admitem o uso tanto do infinitive quanto do gerund sem nenhuma diferença no seu significado e alguns verbos admitem o uso de ambos, mas com mudança de significado. Não é necessário memorizar listas, (as listas abaixo são apenas para consulta) conforme o uso isto vai sendo assimilado.
Verbos seguidos de INFINITIVE
She agreed to speak before the game. | ||||
agree
aim appear arrange ask attempt be able beg begin care choose condescend |
consent
continue dare decide deserve detest dislike expect fail get happen |
have
hesitate hope hurry intend leap leave long mean neglect |
offer
ought plan prefer prepare proceed promise propose refuse say |
shoot
strive swear threaten use wait want wish |
Verbos seguidos
de GERUND
|
|
admit
|
He admitted having drive
too fast.
|
avoid
|
They avoid going on
holiday on Saturdays.
|
carry on
|
Carry on working while I am away.
|
consider
|
Ralph considers buying a new
house.
|
delay
|
I delayed telling Bob the
news.
|
deny
|
She denies reading the
book.
|
dislike
|
We dislike reading poems.
|
can't help
|
He couldn't help falling in
love with her.
|
enjoy
|
I enjoy playing chess.
|
finish
|
They finished working in
the garden.
|
give up
|
Susan gives up playing ice-hockey.
|
imagine
|
He imagined driving a new
car.
|
include
|
Tom's duties include raking the leaves
|
involve
|
The project will involve growing plants.
|
justify
|
I cannot justify paying $100
for this ticket.
|
keep (on)
|
They keep on running.
|
mention
|
Did Alex ever mention playing baseball?
|
mind
|
I don't mind sleeping on
the couch.
|
miss
|
They miss playing with
their friends.
|
practice
|
She practiced playing hockey.
|
regret
|
Do you regret having mentioned
it?
|
risk
|
You risk catching a
cold.
|
suggest
|
She suggested flying to
Cairo.
|
Usamos Gerund ou Infinitive após os verbos:
|
|
begin
|
He began talking.
He began to talk. |
continue
|
They continue smoking.
They continue to smoke. |
hate
|
Do you hate working on Saturdays?
Do you hate to work on Saturdays? |
like
|
I like swimming.
I like to swim. |
love
|
She loves painting.
She loves to paint. |
prefer
|
Pat prefers walking home.
Pat prefers to walk home. |
start
|
They start singing.
They start to sing. |
Usamos Gerund ou Infinitive após os seguintes verbos (com estruturas
diferentes):
Gerund: verb + -ing Infinitive: verb + person + to-infinitive |
|
advise
|
They advise walking to town.
They advise me to walk to town. |
allow
|
They do not allow smoking here.
They do not allow her to smoke here. |
encourage
|
They encourage doing the
test.
They encourage him to do the test. |
permit
|
They do not permit smoking here.
They do not permit us to smoke here. |
Usamos as seguintes estruturas após o verbo recommend:
recommend
|
They recommend walking to town.
They recommend that we walk to town. |
Muitos verbos podem ser seguidos tanto por Gerunds como por Infinitives. Em alguns casos, como com REMEMBER, FORGET, STOP, TRY isto pode mudar totalmente o sentido da frase.
Remember/Forget + Gerund = lembranças do passado.
I remember closing the door.
I remember closing the door.
(Eu me lembro de ter fechado a porta.)
Remember/Forget + Infinitive = ações no futuro
Remember to give him the message tomorrow.
Remember to give him the message tomorrow.
(Lembre-se de dar o recado a ele amanhã.)
Don't forget to feed the dog.
(Não se esqueça de alimentar o cachorro.)
Stop + Gerund = terminar ou abandonar uma ação
We stopped dancing because we were tired.
(Paramos de dançar porque estávamos cansados.)
Stop + Infinitive = executar uma nova ação
I stopped to tie my shoelace.
(Eu parei para amarrar meu sapato.)
Try + Gerund = experimentar; executar uma ação para ver qual será o resultado.
Stop + Gerund = terminar ou abandonar uma ação
We stopped dancing because we were tired.
(Paramos de dançar porque estávamos cansados.)
Stop + Infinitive = executar uma nova ação
I stopped to tie my shoelace.
(Eu parei para amarrar meu sapato.)
Try + Gerund = experimentar; executar uma ação para ver qual será o resultado.
Try sending her some flowers.
(Tente mandá-la flores.)
(Tente mandá-la flores.)
Try + Infinitive = tentar algo; descobrir se algo é possível
I tried to stroke the cat, but he ran away
I tried to stroke the cat, but he ran away
(Eu tentei fazer carinho no gato, mas ele fugiu.)
Verbos seguidos de uma Preposição e Gerund:
We concentrated on doing well. | ||
admit to
approve of argue about believe in care about complain about concentrate on confess to |
depend on
disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about insist on object to |
plan on
prevent (someone) from refrain from succeed in talk about think about worry about |